Industrial Refrigeration Handbook | by Wilbert F.Stoecker | ISBN: 9780070616233. REFRIGERATION IN FOOD PROCESSING. REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES. REFRIGERATED STORAGE OF UNFROZEN FOODS.
Industrial Refrigeration Handbook
by Wilbert F.Stoecker
ISBN:9780070616233
Offering a rare compilation of thermodynamic data on the most-used industrial refrigerants, this book presents exhaustive coverage of the fundamentals, design, installation, and operation of industrial refrigeration systems.
Get this Book by clicking below:
 |
Industrial Refrigeration Handbook
Preface
Chapter 1 – THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION
1.1: INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION AS DISTINGUISHED FROM COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING
1.2: WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION?
1.3: REFRIGERATED STORAGE OF UNFROZEN FOODS
1.4: FROZEN FOOD
1.5: REFRIGERATION IN FOOD PROCESSING
1.6: FREEZE DRYING
1.7: INDUSTRIAL AIR CONDITIONING
1.8: REFRIGERATION IN MANUFACTURING PLANTS
1.9: REFRIGERATION IN CONSTRUCTION
1.10: ICE RINKS AND FACILITIES FOR OTHER WINTER SPORTS
1.11: REFRIGERATION IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
REFERENCES
Chapter 2 – REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES, REFRIGERATION CYCLES AND SI UNITS
2.1: USING SI UNITS
2.2: SOME BASE AND DERIVED SI UNITS
2.3: CONVERSION BETWEEN SI AND I-P UNITS
2.4: CONVERSIONS OF TEMPERATURE, ENTHALPY, AND ENTROPY
2.5: SOME IMPORTANT SI CONSTANTS
2.6: REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES
2.7: TWO KINDS OF PRESSURE: GAUGE AND ABSOLUTE
2.8: SATURATION TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES
2.9: DENSITY AND SPECIFIC VOLUME
2.10: ENTHALPY
2.11: SUPERHEATED VAPOR AND SUBCOOLED LIQUID
2.12: THE PRESSURE-ENTHALPY DIAGRAM
2.13: SATURATED LIQUID AND VAPOR LINES
2.14: LINES OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURE
2.15: SPECIFIC VOLUME
2.16: ENTROPY
2.17: THE IDEAL REFRIGERATION CYCLE-THE CARNOT CYCLE
2.18: ACHIEVING THE CARNOT CYCLE WITH A REAL REFRIGERANT
2.19: EFFICIENCY OF A REFRIGERATION CYCLE—THE COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE
2.20: CONDITIONS FOR HIGH COP OF THE CARNOT CYCLE
2.21: STEADY-FLOW ENERGY EQUATION
2.22: STATE OF REFRIGERANT EXPRESSED BY QUALITY
2.23: ANALYSIS OF A CARNOT CYCLE USING REFRIGERANT ENTHALPIES
2.24: REFRIGERATION CAPACITY EXPRESSED IN I-P UNITS—TONS OF REFRIGERATION
2.25: DRY VERSUS WET COMPRESSION
2.26: THROTTLING VALVE VERSUS AN EXPANSION ENGINE
2.27: THE STANDARD VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE
2.28: HORSEPOWER PER TON
2.29: VARIATIONS IN THE STANDARD VAPOR-COMPRESSION CYCLE
2.30: USEFULNESS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC FOUNDATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 3 – MULTISTAGE SYSTEMS
3.1: MULTISTAGE COMPRESSION IN INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION
3.2: LOSSES IN THE EXPANSION VALVE PROCESS
3.3: FLASH-GAS REMOVAL
3.4: LIQUID SUBCOOLING
3.5: INTERSTAGE DESUPERHEATING—INTERCOOLING
3.6: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERCOOLING PROCESS
3.7: INTERCOOLING IN AN OIL-COOLED SCREW COMPRESSOR
3.8: TWO EVAPORATOR-TEMPERATURE LEVELS AND ONE COMPRESSOR
3.9: STANDARD TWO-STAGE SYSTEM WITH ONE EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE
3.10: REFRIGERANT FLOWS IN A FLASH TANK/INTERCOOLER
3.11: OPTIMUM INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE
3.12: TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION WITH TWO TEMPERATURE LEVELS OF EVAPORATION
3.13: SHORTCUTS IN MULTISTAGE SYSTEM DESIGN CALCULATIONS
3.14: COMPRESSOR SELECTION AND CONTROL
3.15: SIDE PORT OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR FOR LIQUID SUBCOOLING
3.16: DECIDING BETWEEN SINGLE-AND TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION
3.17: GROUNDWORK NOW LAID
REFERENCES
Chapter 4 – RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
4.1: TYPES OF COMPRESSORS
4.2: THE ROLE OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
4.3: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS
4.4: EFFECT OF THE EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE ON VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
4.5: INFLUENCE OF EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE ON REFRIGERATING CAPACITY.
4.6: INFLUENCE OF CONDENSING TEMPERATURE ON REFRIGERATING CAPACITY
4.7: POWER REQUIRED BY A RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
4.8: ADIABATIC COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY
4.9: EFFECT OF EVAPORATING AND CONDENSING TEMPERATURES ON SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
4.10: EFFECT OF LIQUID SUBCOOLING ON CATALOG RATINGS
4.11: EFFECT OF SUPERHEATING OF SUCTION VAPOR ON CATALOG RATINGS
4.12: PRESSURE DROP BETWEEN EVAPORATOR AND COMPRESSOR
4.13: CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
4.14: MAXIMUM PRESSURE RATIOS AND PRESSURE DIFFERENTIALS
4.15: DISCHARGE TEMPERATURES AND WATER-COOLED HEADS
4.16: LUBRICATION AND OIL COOLING
4.17: COMPRESSOR SPEED
4.18: CAPACITY REGULATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 5 – SCREW COMPRESSORS
5.1: TYPES OF SCREW COMPRESSORS
5.2: HOW THE SCREW COMPRESSOR WORKS
5.3: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A BASIC SCREW COMPRESSOR
5.4: ADIABATIC COMPRESSION EFFICIENCY OF A SCREW COMPRESSOR
5.5: EFFECT OF EVAPORATING AND CONDENSING TEMPERATURES ON REFRIGERATING CAPACITY
5.6: PRESSURE DROP BETWEEN EVAPORATOR AND COMPRESSOR.
5.7: CATALOG SPECIFICATIONS OF LIQUID SUBCOOLING AND SUCTION SUPERHEATING
5.8: CAPACITY CONTROL AND PART-LOAD PERFORMANCE
5.9: VARIABLE-SPEED DRIVE OF SCREW COMPRESSOR
5.10: VARIABLE VOLUME RATIO COMPRESSORS
5.11: OIL INJECTION AND SEPARATION
5.12: OIL COOLING METHODS
5.13: OIL COOLING BY REFRIGERANT INJECTION
5.14: OIL COOLING WITH A THERMOSYPHON HEAT EXCHANGER
5.15: ECONOMIZER CIRCUIT USING A SIDE PORT
5.16: THE SCREW COMPRESSOR AS THE LOW-STAGE COMPRESSOR
5.17: VIBRATION AND NOISE
5.18: SCREW COMPRESSOR PACKAGES
5.19: MOTOR SELECTION
5.20: THE PLACE OF THE SCREW COMPRESSOR IN THE MARKET
5.21: MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE OF SCREW COMPRESSORS
5.22: SINGLE-SCREW COMPRESSORS
REFERENCES
Chapter 6 – EVAPORATORS—AIR COILS AND LIQUID CHILLERS
6.1: WHERE THE REFRIGERATION LOAD ENTERS THE SYSTEM
6.2: TYPES OF EVAPORATORS
PART I: EVAPORATOR PERFORMANCE
6.3: EVAPORATOR HEAT TRANSFER
6.4: EXTENDED SURFACE (FINS)
6.5: TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE: BETWEEN ENTERING FLUID AND REFRIGERANT
6.6: REFRIGERANT BOILING INSIDE TUBES
6.7: METHODS OF SUPPLYING REFRIGERANT TO EVAPORATORS—DIRECT EXPANSION, FLOODED EVAPORATORS AND LIQUID RECIRCULATION
6.8: OPTIMUM EVAPORATING TEMPERATURES
PART II: AIR COILS
6.9: CONSTRUCTION OF AIR COILS
6.10: DEFINITION OF TERMS APPLIED TO AIR COILS
6.11: PROPERTIES OF AIR—THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
6.12: DEW-POINT TEMPERATURE
6.13: THE STRAIGHT-LINE LAW
6.14: CONDITION OF AIR PASSING THROUGH A COIL
6.15: HOW SELECTION AND OPERATION OF A COIL AFFECT ITS PERFORMANCE
6.16: SELECTING AN AIR COIL FROM A CATALOG
6.17: HUMIDITY CONTROL IN REFRIGERATED ROOMS
6.18: FAN AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND SELECTION
6.19: THE NUMBER AND PLACEMENT OF COILS
6.20: FROSTING OF LOW-TEMPERATURE COILS
6.21: METHODS OF DEFROST
6.22: HOT-GAS DEFROST
6.23: PROVISIONS EXTERNAL TO THE DEFROST CONTROL GROUP
6.24: PROCEDURES FOR A SAFE HOT-GAS DEFROST
6.25: WATER DEFROST
6.26: ALUMINUM VERSUS STEEL COILS FOR AMMONIA
6.27: DIRECT-EXPANSION AMMONIA COILS
6.28: ANTIFREEZE-SPRAYED COILS
PART III: LIQUID CHILLERS
6.29: SHELL-AND-TUBE EVAPORATORS
6.30: SPRAYED TUBE LIQUID CHILLERS
6.31: PLATE-TYPE EVAPORATORS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7 – CONDENSERS
7.1: TYPES OF CONDENSERS USED IN INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION
7.2: THE CONDENSING PROCESS
7.3: CONDENSATION INSIDE TUBES
7.4: HEAT-REJECTION RATIO
7.5: PERFORMANCE OF AIR AND WATER-COOLED CONDENSERS
7.6: COOLING TOWERS
7.7: EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
7.8: NOMINAL SIZES AND RATES FOR EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
7.9: COMPARISON OF EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER WITH THE WATER-COOLED CONDENSER AND COOLING TOWER COMBINATION
7.10: INFLUENCE OF WET-BULB TEMPERATURE ON EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER CAPACITY
7.11: CATALOG SELECTION—TWO METHODS
7.12: CAPACITY CONTROL
7.13: CAPACITY CONTROL—VARYING THE FLOW RATE OF SPRAY WATER
7.14: CAPACITY CONTROL—VARYING THE AIR FLOW RATE
7.15: JUDICIOUS REDUCTIONS IN AIR-FLOW RATE
7.16: SUBCOOLING THE REFRIGERANT IN THE CONDENSER
7.17: POSITIONING THE CONDENSER
7.18: WINTER OPERATION OF EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS.
7.19: PURGING THE CONDENSER OF AIR
7.20: INTENTIONAL SUBCOOLING IN A CONDENSER
7.21: PIPING OF HIGH-PRESSURE RECEIVERS
7.22: DRAINING CONDENSATE—SINGLE CONDENSER
7.23: PRESSURE PROFILES IN A CONDENSER
7.24: DRAINING CONDENSATE—PARALLEL CONDENSERS
7.25: DRAINING CONDENSATE—THERMOSYPHON OIL COOLING
7.26: SIZE OF EQUALIZER LINES AND THERMOSYPHON VAPOR LINES
7.27: SUPPLEMENTARY COOLING REQUIREMENTS PROVIDED BY EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS.
7.28: WATER TREATMENT IN EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS
7.29: THE CONDENSER AS A PART OF THE SYSTEM
REFERENCES
Chapter 8 – LIQUID RECIRCULATION
8.1: LIQUID RECIRCULATION AND LIQUID OVERFEED
8.2: MECHANICAL PUMPING AND GAS PUMPING
8.3: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIQUID RECIRCULATION
8.4: CIRCULATION RATIO
8.5: TOP FEED VERSUS BOTTOM FEED OF REFRIGERANT
8.6: MECHANICAL PUMP SYSTEM
8.7: POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
8.8: CENTRIFUGAL PUMP—OPEN TYPE
8.9: NET-POSITIVE-SUCTION HEAD (NPSH).
8.10: CENTRIFUGAL PUMP—HERMETIC
8.11: PIPING FEATURES SURROUNDING THE PUMP.
8.12: THE LIQUID DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND PUMP SELECTION
8.13: PUMPING LIQUID REFRIGERANT WITH GAS PRESSURE—THE TWO-PUMPING VESSEL SYSTEM
8.14: GAS PUMPING—THE CONTROLLED-PRESSURE RECEIVER
8.15: ENERGY ANALYSIS OF GAS PUMPING
8.16: RELATIVE MERITS OF GAS AND MECHANICAL PUMPING
8.17: WHEN TO CHOOSE LIQUID RECIRCULATION
REFERENCES
Chapter 9 – REFRIGERANT PIPING
9.1: SIZE AND CONFIGURATION OF PIPE
9.2: CATEGORIES OF PIPING
9.3: PRESSURE DROP OF FLUIDS FLOWING IN CIRCULAR PIPES
9.4: PRESSURE-DROP DETERMINATIONS USING CHARTS
9.5: OPTIMUM PIPE SIZE
9.6: PRESSURE DROP IN FITTINGS
9.7: DROP IN SATURATION TEMPERATURE AS SELECTION CRITERION
9.8: SELECTING THE PIPE SIZE
9.9: RISE IN ELEVATION OF LIQUID FLOWING IN A PIPE
9.10: DOWNWARD SLOPING PIPE
9.11: AVOIDING DRAINAGE TO COMPRESSORS AND TO EVAPORATORS
9.12: LIQUID CONTENT IN HORIZONTAL LIQUID/VAPOR RETURN LINES
9.13: SUCTION RISERS IN DIRECT-EXPANSION HALOCARBON SYSTEMS
9.14: SIZING THE LIQUID/VAPOR RETURN LINE
9.15: LIFTING LIQUID FROM THE EVAPORATOR IN VERTICAL RISERS
9.16: PIPE SAFETY
9.17: CHOICE OF MATERIALS FOR REFRIGERANT PIPING
9.18: PIPE INSULATION
9.19: PIPING IN PERSPECTIVE
REFERENCES
Chapter 10 – VESSELS
10.1: VESSELS IN INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
10.2: LEVELS IN LIQUID RESERVOIRS
10.3: VOLUME OF LIQUID IN A PARTIALLY FILLED HORIZONTAL VESSEL
10.4: LIQUID/VAPOR SEPARATION—VERTICAL VESSEL
10.5: LIQUID/VAPOR SEPARATION—HORIZONTAL VESSEL
10.6: HIGH-PRESSURE RECEIVER
10.7: FLASH-TANK/DESUPERHEATERS
10.8: LOW-PRESSURE RECEIVER
10.9: SURGE DRUM FOR A FLOODED EVAPORATOR
10.10: SUCTION-LINE ACCUMULATOR
10.11: THERMOSYPHON RECEIVER
10.12: OIL POTS
10.13: SEPARATION ENHANCERS
10.14: VESSEL SIZING IN PERSPECTIVE
REFERENCES
Chapter 11 – VALVES AND REFRIGERANT CONTROLS
11.1: TYPES OF VALVES
11.2: MANUAL SHUTOFF VALVES
11.3: MANUAL EXPANSION OR BALANCING VALVES
11.4: CHECK VALVES
11.5: SOLENOID VALVES-DIRECT-ACTING
11.6: SOLENOID VALVES—PILOT-OPERATED AND GAS-PRESSURE-OPERATED
11.7: GAS-POWERED SUCTION STOP VALVES
11.8: PRESSURE-REGULATING VALVES: DIRECT-ACTING, PILOT-OPERATED, AND EXTERNALLY COMPENSATED
11.9: LIQUID LEVEL CONTROLS—HIGH- AND LOW-SIDE FLOAT VALVES
11.10: LIQUID LEVEL CONTROLS—MECHANICAL AND FLOAT SWITCH
11.11: LIQUID LEVEL CONTROLS—CAPACITANCE LEVEL SENSOR
11.12: PROPER PLACEMENT OF THE FLOAT CHAMBER
11.13: SUPERHEAT-CONTROLLED EXPANSION VALVES (THERMO OR TX VALVES)
11.14: SUPERHEAT-CONTROLLED VALVES FOR INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION
11.15: VALVE AND CONTROL SELECTION
REFERENCES
Chapter 12 – REFRIGERANTS
12.1: CFCS AND THE UPHEAVAL IN THE REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY
12.2: THE OZONE LAYER AND GLOBAL WARMING
12.3: NUMERICAL DESIGNATIONS OF REFRIGERANTS
12.4: REFRIGERANT BLENDS
12.5: AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES
12.6: SATURATION PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES
12.7: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
12.8: LOW-TEMPERATURE HALOCARBON REFRIGERANTS
12.9: CYCLE PERFORMANCE
12.10: SAFETY OF REFRIGERANTS
12.11: COMPATIBILITY WITH THE MATERIALS REFRIGERANTS CONTACT
12.12: WHICH REFRIGERANTS WILL SERVE INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION IN THE FUTURE?
12.13: AMMONIA VS. HCFC-22
REFERENCES
Chapter 13 – SAFETY
13.1: SAFETY IS PARAMOUNT
13.2: SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR AMMONIA PLANTS COMPARED TO THOSE USING HALOCARBONS
13.3: OVERVIEW OF ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 15–94
13.4: ADDITIONAL CODES
13.5: VESSELS
13.6: PIPING AND VALVES
13.7: RELIEF DEVICES
13.8: VENTILATION OF MACHINERY ROOMS
13.9: FIRE PROTECTION IN REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSES
13.10: LEAK DETECTION AND AMMONIA SENSORS
13.11: PERSONAL PROTECTION AGAINST AMMONIA
13.12: DISCHARGE OF AMMONIA—DIRECTLY TO ATMOSPHERE
13.13: DISCHARGE OF AMMONIA—ABSORPTION IN WATER
13.14: DISCHARGE OF AMMONIA—FLARING
13.15: LARGE RELEASES OF AMMONIA
13.16: BEYOND THE CODES
13.17: A PLANT SAFETY PLAN
REFERENCES
Chapter 14 – ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
14.1: INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL
14.2: LADDER DIAGRAM SYMBOLS
14.3: LADDER DIAGRAMS
14.4: LADDER DIAGRAM FOR A SCREW COMPRESSOR
14.5: IMPLEMENTING THE LADDER DIAGRAM
14.6: INSTRUMENTATION FOR MONITORING A REFRIGERATION PLANT
14.7: THE RISE OF COMPUTER MONITORING AND CONTROL
14.8: LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING AND PERFORMANCE
14.9: HOW A MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
14.10: TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS
14.11: PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS
14.12: STATUS INDICATORS
14.13: FORMS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE COMPUTER AND SENSORS OR ACTUATORS
14.14: DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG AND ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
14.15: PARALLEL COMMUNICATION—NUMBERS AND CHARACTERS
14.16: SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION, RS-232 AND RS-422
14.17: MODEMS
14.18: THE COMPUTER SYSTEM AS A COMMUNICATOR
14.19: ACTUATORS
14.20: PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL CONTROL MODE
14.21: PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS
14.22: REFRIGERATION APPLICATIONS VS. BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
14.23: POWER OUTAGES
14.24: PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15 – LUBRICATION AND OIL HANDLING
15.1: OIL IN THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
15.2: SOME TYPES OF REFRIGERATION OIL
15.3: SOME TERMS USED TO CHARACTERIZE OILS
15.4: VISCOSITY
15.5: SOLUBILITY OF REFRIGERANTS IN OILS
15.6: SOLUBILITY OF R-22 IN MINERAL OILS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
15.7: EFFECT OF OIL ON HEAT TRANSFER IN AMMONIA AND R-22 EVAPORATORS
15.8: CONTAMINANTS IN OIL
15.9: COALESCING OIL SEPARATORS
15.10: REMOVING OIL FROM THE LOW SIDE OF THE AMMONIA SYSTEM
15.11: REMOVING THE OIL FROM THE LOW SIDE OF A HALOCARBON SYSTEM
15.12: OIL THAT IS SOLUBLE IN AMMONIA
15.13: OIL FOR CFC AND HCFC ALTERNATIVES
REFERENCES
Chapter 16 – CONSERVATION, RECLAIM, AND STORAGE OF ENERGY
Overview
PART I: ENERGY CONSERVATION
16.1: DESIGNING THE PLANT TO CONSERVE ENERGY
16.2: OTHER DESIGN DECISIONS AFFECTING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS
16.3: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM TO CONSERVE ENERGY
16.4: HEAT RECLAIM
16.5: SOURCES AND POTENTIAL NEEDS OF HEAT
16.6: MATCHING THE HEAT SOURCE WITH THE NEED
16.7: PREHEATING WATER WITH HEAT FROM BOTH DESUPERHEATING AND CONDENSATION
16.8: THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER AND ITS DESIGN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM
16.9: ELEVATING THE CONDENSING TEMPERATURE TO RECOVER HEAT
16.10: EVALUATING A POTENTIAL HEAT-RECLAIM PROJECT
PART II: THERMAL STORAGE
16.11: LEVELING THE REFRIGERATION LOAD
16.12: THE ICE BUILDER IN ITS FREEZING PHASE.
16.13: SAVINGS IN ENERGY COSTS TRANSLATABLE TO PROFITS
REFERENCES
Chapter 17 – THE REFRIGERATION AND FREEZING OF FOOD
17.1: WHAT THE REFRIGERATION ENGINEER NEEDS TO KNOW
17.2: STORAGE TEMPERATURES RECOMMENDED FOR UNFROZEN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
17.3: RELATIVE HUMIDITY
17.4: COOLING RATES WITH FORCED AIR COOLING
17.5: COOLING AND STORAGE OF UNFROZEN MEAT AND POULTRY
17.6: REMOVAL OF FIELD HEAT FROM FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY HYDROCOOLING
17.7: VACUUM COOLING
17.8: REFRIGERATION OF UNFROZEN DAIRY PRODUCTS
17.9: REFRIGERATION OF BAKERY PRODUCTS
17.10: THE FREEZING PROCESS
17.11: FREEZING EQUIPMENT
17.12: STORAGE TEMPERATURES FOR FROZEN FOOD
17.13: PRODUCT REFRIGERATION LOADS
17.14: FREEZING RATES
17.15: CRYOGENIC FREEZING
REFERENCES
Chapter 18 – REFRIGERATION LOAD CALCULATIONS
18.1: MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF LOAD CALCULATIONS
18.2: HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH SINGLE MATERIALS
18.3: CONDUCTANCE
18.4: CONVECTION AND THE CONVECTION COEFFICIENT
18.5: THE RESISTANCE CONCEPT
18.6: OVERALL HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR WALLS, ROOFS, AND FLOORS.
18.7: WALL AND ROOF PANELS
18.8: DESIGN TEMPERATURES
18.9: INFILTRATION THROUGH OPEN DOORWAYS
18.10: INHIBITING INFILTRATION LOADS
18.11: CALCULATING THE REFRIGERATION LOAD FOR DOCKS
18.12: LOAD FROM LIGHTS, MOTORS, PEOPLE, AND OTHER INTERNAL LOADS
18.13: DEFROST HEAT
18.14: PRODUCT LOAD
18.15: LOAD CALCULATIONS IN PERSPECTIVE
REFERENCES
Chapter 19 – REFRIGERATED STRUCTURES
19.1: REFRIGERATED ENCLOSURES
19.2: SPACE PLANNING
19.3: INSULATION
19.4: VAPOR BARRIERS
19.5: CHARACTERIZING VAPOR BARRIERS.
19.6: PREVENTION OF FROST HEAVING BY UNDERFLOOR HEATING
19.7: PREVENTING CONDENSATION IN HIGH-HUMIDITY ROOMS
19.8: DOORS
19.9: CONSTRUCTION METHODS
19.10: ROOF AND WALL/ROOF SECTIONS
19.11: FLOOR AND WALL/FLOOR SECTIONS
19.12: COLUMNS
19.13: CONVERTIBLE SPACES
REFERENCES
Chapter 20 – SECONDARY COOLANTS—BRINES AND ANTIFREEZES
20.1: SECONDARY COOLANTS
20.2: PHASE DIAGRAM OF A SECONDARY COOLANT
20.3: FREEZING TEMPERATURE
20.4: SODIUM CHLORIDE
20.5: CALCIUM CHLORIDE
20.6: ETHYLENE GLYCOL.
20.7: PROPYLENE GLYCOL
20.8: POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
20.9: D-LIMONENE
20.10: OTHER SECONDARY COOLANTS
20.11: INCENTIVES FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SECONDARY COOLANTS
REFERENCES
Chapter 21 – REFRIGERATION BELOW-40 DEGREES
21.1: REFRIGERATION AT TEMPERATURES BELOW -40 DEGREES
21.2: SOME APPLICATIONS OF LOW-TEMPERATURE REFRIGERATION
21.3: SYSTEMS AND REFRIGERANTS
21.4: MULTISTAGE SYSTEMS
21.5: CASCADE SYSTEM
21.6: FADE-OUT VESSEL
21.7: CHOOSING THE TYPE OF EVAPORATOR
21.8: AUTOCASCADE SYSTEMS
21.9: HEAT-TRANSFER FLUIDS
21.10: HE AT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS
21.11: OIL HANDLING
21.12: INSULATION
21.13: MATERIALS
21.14: DOCUMENTING THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTING, AND OPERATING PROCEDURES
REFERENCES
Appendix
For 1000+ more Engineering Books & HVAC Engineering
Books, click below:
Related posts:
- Industrial Control Technology: A Handbook for Engineers and Researchers | by Peng Zhang | ISBN: 9780815515715. Sensors and Actuators for Industrial Control. Industrial Control System Interface Devices. Industrial Intelligent Controllers. Distributed Industrial Control System.
- Extrusion: The Definitive Processing Guide and Handbook | by Harold F. Giles, Jr., John R. Wagner, Jr. and Eldridge M. Mount, III | ISBN: 9780815514732. Thermoplastics Processing. Twin Screw Extrusion Process. Polymeric Materials. Coextrusion Applications
- Oilfield Processing of Petroleum: Natural Gas, Volume One | by Francis S. Manning and Richard Thompson | ISBN: 9780878143436. SPECTRUM OF PRODUCED HYDROCARBON FLUIDS. Field Processing of Natural Gas. Natural Gas Measurement. ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERS. Transportation of Natural Gas
- Nanostructured Materials: Processing, Properties and Applications, Second Edition | by Carl C. Koch (ed) | ISBN:9780815515340. Nanotechnology Books. Materials Science. Nanostructured Electronics and Optoelectronic Materials. Nanostructured Particles and Films.
- Oilfield Processing: Crude Oil, Volume 2 | by Francis S. Manning and Richard Thompson | ISBN: 9780878143542. Field Processing of Crude Oil. Transportation of Crude Oil. Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions. Dehydration of Crude Oil. Desalting of Crude Oil. Stabilization and Sweetening of Crude Oil
- Handbook of Molded Part Shrinkage and Warpage | by Jerry Fischer | ISBN: 9781884207723. Plastics Processing Principles. Mold Design Techniques. How to Prevent Warpage in Thin Molded Lids. Injection Molding Design. In-Mold Shrinkage. Post-Mold Shrinkage. Mold Construction Materials.
- Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing: Spectral Estimation, Signal Modeling, Adaptive Filtering and Array Processing | by Dimitris G. Manolakis, Vinay K. Ingle and Stephen M. Kogon | ISBN: 9781580536103. Discrete-Time Signal Processing. Optimum Linear Filters
- Fluoroelastomers Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook | by Albert L. Moore | ISBN:9780815515173. Chemistry Books. Fluoroelastomers Technology. Fluoroelastomer Applications and Processing.
- Properties of Crystalline Silicon | by Robert Hull (ed) | ISBN: 9780863415562. Implantation/Irradiation of Silicon. Silicon on Insulator Technology. Silicide Technologies
- Land Treatment Systems for Municipal and Industrial Wastes | by Ronald W. Crites, Sherwood C. Reed and Robert K. Bastian | ISBN: 9780070610408. Wastewater Treatment Engineering. Industrial Wastewater Land Application. Land Application of Biosolids
- Microscope Image Processing | by Qiang Wu, Fatima Merchant and Kenneth Castleman | ISBN: 9780123725783. Imaging Technology. Optical Imaging. Image Digitization. Image Enhancement. Wavelet Image Processing. Fluorescence Imaging Techniques. Microscopy Image Management
- Oracle Procure-To-Pay Guide: Implement a Powerful, Fully-Integrated Procurement Platform | by Melanie Anjele Cameron | 2009 | ISBN: 9780071622271. Streamlined Payment Processing. Purchasing and Procurement Books. Processing Purchasing Documents. Payables Processing
- Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers | by Jiri George Drobny | 2007 | ISBN: 9780815515494. Processing Methods Applicable to Thermoplastic Elastomers. Styrenic Block Copolymers. Recycling Methods for Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs)
- Industrial Robotics: How to Implement the Right System for Your Plant | by Andrew Glaser | 2009 | ISBN: 9780831133580. Industrial Engineering Books. Robotic Automation. Ingredients of the Robotic System. Lean Manufacturing with Robotics. Robotic Cellular Manufacturing
- Cargo Work: For Maritime Operations, Seventh Edition | by D. J. House | ISBN: 9780750665551. Transportation Engineering Books. Cargo Work Operations. Cargo Shipping. Cargo handling equipments. Bulk Cargoes. Cargo Containers Types. Specialist Cargoes. Refrigerated cargoes
- The Rubber Formulary | by Peter A. Ciullo and Norman Hewitt | ISBN: 9780815514343. Rubber Processing. Specialty Rubbers. Natural Rubber Polyisoprene. Styrene-Butadiene Polybutadiene. Butyl Halobutyl. Neoprene. Nitrile. Urethane. Silicone Fluoroelastomers.
- Smoke, Dust, and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Dynamics, Second Edition | by Sheldon K. Friedlander | 2000 | ISBN: 9780195129991. Environmental Engineering Books. Particle Transport Properties. Convective Diffusion. AEROSOL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS. Inertial Transport and Deposition
- Fluorinated Coatings and Finishes Handbook: The Definitive User’s Guide and Databook | by Laurence W. McKeen | ISBN: 9780815515227. Plastics Design Library. Fluoropolymer Coatings Suppliers. Fluoropolymer Finishes Technology. Solvent Systems. Additives.
- Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, 3rd Edition | ISBN: 9780471744856. Industrial Engineering Books. Manufacturing processes. electronics manufacturing technologies. Flexible Manufacturing Systems. Machining Operations and Machine Tools
- Mechanical Properties of Ceramics, Second Edition | by John B. Wachtman, W. Roger Cannon and M. John Matthewson | 2009 | ISBN: 9780471735816. Materials Science Books. Ceramics Design. Measurements of Elasticity, Strength, and Fracture Toughness. Toughening Mechanisms in Ceramics.
- Computational Physics of Carbon Nanotubes | by Hashem Rafii-Tabar | ISBN: 9780521853002. Formation of Carbon Allotropes. Nanoscale Numerical Simulation Techniques. Modelling Thermal Transport in Nanotubes. Modelling the Mechanical Properties of Nanotubes. Modelling Fluid Flow in Nanotubes
- Accounts Receivable Management Best Practices | by John G. Salek | ISBN: 9780471716549. Finance Books. Receivables Asset Management. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION. PRICING ADMINISTRATION. CREDIT CONTROLS. ORDER PROCESSING. PAYMENT PROCESSING. INVOICING. FINANCING OF THE RECEIVABLES ASSET
- Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Volume I | by Bradford W. Parkinson (ed) et al. | ISBN: 9781563471063. GPS Satellite Navigation. GPS Technical Design. GPS Operational Control Segment. Differential GPS Positioning. GPS Receivers Software Signal Processing.
- Micro and Nanomanufacturing | by Mark J. Jackson | ISBN: 9780387258744. Industrial Engineering Books. research laboratory manufacturing techniques. Microfabrication Using X-Ray Lithography. Laser Nanofabrication. Micromachining Tool Design. Ultraprecision Grinding. Diamond Microcutting Tools
- Handbook of Public Water Systems, Second Edition | by HDR Engineering Inc | ISBN: 9780471292111. Water Engineering Books. Water System Planning. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. Water Quality Control. Water Treatment Systems. Water Treatment Facilities. DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
- Compounding Precipitated Silica in Elastomers: Theory and Practice| by Norman Hewitt | ISBN: 9780815515289. Plastics Desing Books. Silica as a Reinforcing Filler. NATURAL RUBBER FORMULARY. EMULSION STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER FORMULARY. ZINC-FREE CURE SYSTEMS. SM NEOPRENE. NITRILE FORMULARY. Rubber Processing
- Signal Processing and Performance Analysis for Imaging Systems | by S. Susan Young, Ronald G. Driggers and Eddie L. Jacobs | 2008 | ISBN: 9781596932876. Image Enhancing Techniques. Image Display, Reconstruction, and Resampling. Electro-Optical and Infrared Imaging Systems
- Digital Signal Processing: Fundamentals and Applications | by Li Tan | ISBN: 9780123740908. Electrical Engineering Books. DSP Applications. Digital Filter Design. Hardware and Software for Digital Signal Processors. Adaptive Filters
- Introducing Windows Azure: An Introduction to Cloud Computing Using Microsoft Windows Azure | by Henry Li | 2009 | ISBN: 9781430224693. Cloud Data Storage with Relational Data Structure. Azure Cloud Environment
- Practical Energy Efficiency Optimization | by G. G. Rajan | ISBN: 9781593700515. Power Engineering Books. Industrial Energy Management Techniques. Improving Energy Efficiency in Power Plant Operation. Energy Efficiency Optimization Models
Comments
One Comment on Industrial Refrigeration Handbook | by Wilbert F.Stoecker | ISBN: 9780070616233. REFRIGERATION IN FOOD PROCESSING. REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES. REFRIGERATED STORAGE OF UNFROZEN FOODS.
-
Industrial Refrigeration Handbook | by Wilbert F.Stoecker | 1998 … ZB BU online on
Sat, 28th Nov 2009 11:32 am
[...] Industrial Refrigeration Handbook | by Wilbert F.Stoecker | 1998 … By admin | category: storage unit business | tags: base, engineering, food, foods, isbn, [...]
Tell me what you're thinking...
and oh, if you want a pic to show with your comment, go get a gravatar!
You must be logged in to post a comment.
Learning Corner- American Residential Law Group (ARLG) - Expert Legal Representation on Mortgage Related Legal Affairs.
- The foundation for Customer-Centric Selling - Understanding the customer's business.
- Rediscover the enjoyment of greater sound detail and clarity with cochlear implant.
- Seven business programs that constitute The Best Practices Enterprise philosophy
- Professional Article Writing Service
- Entertaining and creative musical comedy extravaganza
- Durable and stylish mailbox for your home
- Two most useful Social Media Channels for extending the reach of E-mail Marketing Campaigns. Integrating Social Media with E-mail Marketing Campaigns.
- Strategic Initiatives for creating Consumer-driven Health Care. Hospital Leaders Guide to Corporate Strategic Plans.
- Have a safe journey with Sat Nav Systems
Our Site
Welcome to KuTenk. Business Success Center. Life Success Center. Career Success Center.
Center for Enhancing your Professional Development and Personal Learning from KuTenk Success Center.
Business, Investment, Finance, Accounting, Economics, Sales, Marketing, Strategy, Management, Leadership, Motivation, Stock Trading, Small Business & Entrepreneurship, Real Estate, Business Skills, Self Development.
Our site is a DoFollow Blog. Comment & Backlink to us and you'll get Link back from us automatically. No Spamming or Irrelevant Comments please.
Subscribe to Our Blog via Email